{"id":7092,"date":"2022-11-10T20:54:57","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T18:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni-mag.gr\/the-nai-team-protecting-the-earths-atmosphere-2\/"},"modified":"2025-06-10T11:45:38","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T08:45:38","slug":"the-nai-team-galaxy-clusters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/en\/the-nai-team-galaxy-clusters\/","title":{"rendered":"The NAI team: Galaxy Clusters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02-768x311.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The rich galaxy cluster named Coma. Its central region contains over 800 galaxies within a space measuring only about 20 million light-years, or better yet, 2,000&#8230;00 (20 zeros) kilometers.<br\/>The left image shows the shape of the cluster in X-rays. The right image shows the shape of the cluster in visible light.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Adrianos<\/strong>: Girls, come on. I&#8217;m about to launch Adrianos&#8217; time-ship. I&#8217;ve made some changes to the original design. Now it can function both as a time-ship and a space-ship.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi: <\/strong>What are we going to do this time, Adrianos?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Adrianos<\/strong>: I\u2019ve also fitted two different panes of glass on the front windows: on the right window, I installed a special glass that lets you see only visible light. On the left window, you can see only in X-rays. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli: <\/strong>Speak slowly, Adrianos, so I can understand. If 98 Ianthi stands in front of the right window and I sit behind it, I\u2019ll see her \u2018normally\u2019\u2014with her skin and clothes. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi<\/strong>: But if we do the same experiment with the left window, you\u2019ll see me like you see an X-ray. You\u2019ll only see my bones, 431 Nefeli. <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"117\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-06-117x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7091\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-06-117x300.jpg 117w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-06-399x1024.jpg 399w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-06-78x200.jpg 78w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-06.jpg 506w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 117px) 100vw, 117px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Adrianos<\/strong>: Very good, girls. So now you can easily understand that many things look different when you observe them in different types of light (blue, red, X-rays, radio waves, or microwaves&#8230;).<br\/>They look different because you&#8217;re seeing hidden features that you wouldn&#8217;t see otherwise\u2014like your bones in X-rays.  <\/p>\n\n<p>I wanted us to go see a galaxy cluster using the two different windows. It must look different. In visible light, only the galaxies within the cluster can be seen. In X-rays, you can see the hot gas, which is also located in the same space along with the galaxies.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi:<\/strong> I know, I know what a galaxy cluster is.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli:<\/strong> Me too! Can I say it? <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi: <\/strong>Let\u2019s first take a look at what this beautiful picture with all the colorful balls is.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"501\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7077\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-01.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-01-269x300.jpg 269w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-01-180x200.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>The central region of the rich galaxy cluster Abell 370. At its center are two giant elliptical galaxies (NGC 4874 and NGC 4889). Many other, smaller galaxies fill the space of the cluster.<br\/>The bright blue source in the lower right corner is a star from our own galaxy, located somewhere between the Hubble Space Telescope and the Abell 370 cluster.<br\/>The image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.    <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli:<\/strong> A galaxy cluster is many galaxies grouped together in a small region of the universe.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi: <\/strong>A rich cluster can have up to 1,000 galaxies. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli<\/strong>: The galaxies within the cluster are clearly visible in visible light. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi:<\/strong> The cluster also contains hot gas that can only be seen in X-rays. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 \u039d\u03b5\u03c6\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7:<\/strong> Intracluster medium \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 98 \u0399\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b7. \u039d\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Adrianos:<\/strong> So, within the galaxy cluster, there are the galaxies and the intracluster medium. <\/p>\n\n<p>It&#8217;s just like the next bowl with the water and the colorful stones. The colorful stones are the galaxies. The bowl is the galaxy cluster. The water inside the bowl is just like the intracluster medium. The water takes exactly the shape of the container.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-04.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7082\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-04.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-04-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-04-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Adrianos<\/strong>: Now that I\u2019m looking at the picture more closely, I don\u2019t think there\u2019s actually any water inside. But I\u2019m sure you can imagine it. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi:<\/strong> When are we going to Coma? I can\u2019t wait! <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli:<\/strong> Let\u2019s go already! It\u2019s right next door. It\u2019s only 3,000&#8230;000 (21 zeros) kilometers away.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Adrianos<\/strong>: Let\u2019s go.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli<\/strong>: I\u2019ll sit behind the right window to see the galaxies.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi:<\/strong> I\u2019ll sit behind the left window to see the intracluster medium.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli:<\/strong> Ahhh, come quickly and see how beautiful the Coma cluster looks, with all its galaxies!<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"704\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured-1024x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured-1024x704.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured-768x528.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured-1536x1056.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured-291x200.jpg 291w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-featured.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi<\/strong>: Ahhh, you won\u2019t believe what I\u2019m seeing! Did you know that those two giant galaxies emit X-rays? They both appear as white dots! The intracluster medium, which fills the whole space of the cluster, looks like a purple cloud. And I love the color purple so much!    <\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-03.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7080\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-03.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-03-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-03-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli:<\/strong> What wonderful experiences you give us, Adrianos! Thank you so much. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>98 Ianthi<\/strong>: What did we learn today?<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>431 Nefeli:<\/strong> We learned that the appearance of everything around us depends on how we look at it. For example, if I look at you, 98 Ianthi, in visible light, I\u2019ll see your skin and clothes. But if I look at you in X-rays, I\u2019ll see your bones.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Adrianos:<\/strong> 98 Ianthi is always the same asteroid. However, under different kinds of light, other, initially unseen sides of her become visible. For example, in X-rays, you can see her bones.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Adrianos:<\/strong> Girls, it was a wonderful experience for me too. And there&#8217;s still so much more to learn if we stay here for a while, near the Coma galaxy cluster. <\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-default\"\/>\n\n<p><strong>NOTES:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7078\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/omada-nai-galaxies-02-768x311.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><em>The Coma galaxy cluster<br\/>(Left image): in X-rays,<br\/>(Right image): in visible light.<br\/>In visible light, the galaxies belonging to the cluster are visible.<br\/>In X-rays, the hot gas within the cluster becomes visible.<br\/>Comparing the two images reveals that the shape of the cluster in X-rays is very different from what we see in visible light.    <\/em><\/p>\n\n<p><em>The nearly circular, concentric curves show the extent and shape of the intracluster gas, which fills the entire space within the cluster and emits X-rays.<br\/>These curves have been added to both images to make it easier to compare the distribution of the intracluster gas with the distribution of the galaxies in the cluster.<br\/>The colors in the left image indicate the intensity of the radiation:<br\/>Red marks areas of high intensity,<br\/>while blue marks areas of lower intensity.   <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"card-text\">The NAI team hops on Adrianos specially equipped spaceship to guide us through some of the &#8216;richest&#8217; Galaxy clusters out there [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"m-0\"><a class=\"btn btn-outline-secondary btn-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/en\/the-nai-team-galaxy-clusters\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[649,139,93],"tags":[735,2883,2882,731,734,2884,2880,732,733,2885,737,736,2879,2881,730,349],"class_list":["post-7092","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-issue-05-en","category-issues-en","category-the-nai-team-en","tag-abell-370-cluster","tag-cluster-abell-370-en","tag-cluster-koma","tag-coma-cluster","tag-elliptical-galaxies","tag-elliptical-galaxies-en","tag-galaxy-clusters-en","tag-galaxy-clusters","tag-hubble-space-telescope","tag-hubble-space-telescope-en","tag-intracluster-medium","tag-optical-light","tag-optical-light-en","tag-x-rays-en-2","tag-x-rays","tag---en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with 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