{"id":11379,"date":"2025-07-05T23:08:28","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T20:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni-mag.gr\/?p=11379"},"modified":"2025-07-07T23:22:07","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T20:22:07","slug":"el-hilo-de-los-gigantes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/es\/el-hilo-de-los-gigantes\/","title":{"rendered":"XMM-Newton"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Observaciones de los c\u00famulos de galaxias A399 y A401 con el sat\u00e9lite XMM-Newton<\/em><\/h2>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><span style=\"color: #6f0000;\"><strong>Irini Sakelliou &amp; Trevor J. Ponman (2004), <em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"699\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Large-scale_structure_of_light_distribution_in_the_universe-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11373\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Large-scale_structure_of_light_distribution_in_the_universe-2.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Large-scale_structure_of_light_distribution_in_the_universe-2-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Large-scale_structure_of_light_distribution_in_the_universe-2-768x559.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Large-scale_structure_of_light_distribution_in_the_universe-2-275x200.jpg 275w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La red c\u00f3smica que conecta todo en el universo es una estructura gigantesca compuesta por gases\u2014principalmente hidr\u00f3geno\u2014que act\u00faan como el combustible esencial para la formaci\u00f3n de estrellas. La red c\u00f3smica, tal como se ve en la imagen anterior, se asemeja a una telara\u00f1a. En la imagen, las estrellas aparecen en color amarillo, y luego forman galaxias. Toda la materia del universo se distribuye a lo largo de largos filamentos. A lo largo de estos hilos se forman las estrellas, las galaxias, los c\u00famulos de galaxias y los superc\u00famulos.     <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al observar la imagen, uno podr\u00eda tener la impresi\u00f3n (no err\u00f3nea) de que algunas estructuras intensamente amarillas y casi circulares son c\u00famulos de galaxias que contienen muchas galaxias. Estos c\u00famulos \u201camarillos\u201d podr\u00edan estar al borde de una colisi\u00f3n. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un c\u00famulo de galaxias emite en rayos X. Por tanto, la mejor manera de descubrir sus secretos podr\u00eda ser observarlo en rayos X. El sat\u00e9lite europeo de rayos X, XMM-Newton, realiz\u00f3 cuatro observaciones a lo largo de la l\u00ednea que conecta los dos c\u00famulos: A399 y A401. Estos c\u00famulos est\u00e1n a unos mil millones de a\u00f1os luz de distancia de nosotros y separados por unos 40 arcmin (es decir, 3,2 Mpc). El campo de visi\u00f3n del XMM-Newton es circular y aproximadamente del tama\u00f1o de la luna llena.    <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"210\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/images.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11484\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/images.jpg 240w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/images-229x200.jpg 229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cada c\u00famulo deja su huella en la imagen de rayos X como una marca oscura destacada. A continuaci\u00f3n se muestra la imagen compuesta que creamos uniendo las cuatro observaciones. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/m_351-4-1439-fig001.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11488\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tras analizar todos los datos, generamos esta imagen, que publicamos junto con los resultados del estudio en la revista <em>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society<\/em>. Descubrimos que estos dos c\u00famulos de galaxias se encuentran en una etapa inicial de colisi\u00f3n, previa a una fusi\u00f3n final que dar\u00e1 lugar a un gran superc\u00famulo.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Las observaciones anteriores se realizaron con el sat\u00e9lite de rayos X XMM-Newton, que aparece en la siguiente imagen. Tiene una longitud aproximada de 10 metros y un peso cercano a las 3 toneladas. <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/XMM-Newton_spacecraft_model.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/XMM-Newton_spacecraft_model.png 960w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/XMM-Newton_spacecraft_model-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/XMM-Newton_spacecraft_model-768x288.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una simulaci\u00f3n de la colisi\u00f3n de dos c\u00famulos de galaxias se puede ver en los siguientes v\u00eddeos:<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Abell 1758 galaxy cluster merger simulation: temperature\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8loOt892VJQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Large Scale Structure of the Universe from a Cosmic Simulation\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YjUICiYlCYE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La publicaci\u00f3n original puede consultarse aqu\u00ed: <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/article\/351\/4\/1439\/1135465?login=false\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/mnras\/article\/351\/4\/1439\/1135465<\/a><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p class=\"card-text\">Un puente c\u00f3smico de gas conecta dos enormes c\u00famulos de galaxias, A399 y A401. Gracias al sat\u00e9lite XMM-Newton, los cient\u00edficos iluminan su interacci\u00f3n oculta y revelan la fase inicial de una colisi\u00f3n gal\u00e1ctica.  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p class=\"m-0\"><a class=\"btn btn-outline-secondary btn-read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-mag.gr\/es\/el-hilo-de-los-gigantes\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":11376,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[772,769,2889],"tags":[2949,2950,1884,1562,2951,2954,2953,1563,2947,2952,2948],"class_list":["post-11379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-que-es","category-issues-es","category-issue-13-es","tag-a399-es","tag-a401-es","tag-astrofisica","tag-cumulo-de-galaxias","tag-cumulos-de-galaxias","tag-monthly-notices-of-the-royal-astronomical-society-es","tag-observaciones-por-satelite","tag-rayos-x","tag-red-cosmica","tag-supercumulos","tag-xmm-newton-es"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ 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